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清代蒙古社会的变迁体现在各个方面,尤其是清廷在制度建设、宗教倡导、移民开发、交通发展等方面的政策,从根本上改变了蒙古地区的社会面貌。全面总结不同领域所发生的变化,是我们认识清代蒙古社会的前提和基础。本文以清代蒙古社会的新生事物——蒙古城镇——这一“特定区域”为考察对象,选取这一“区域”中最具特色的商业区——“买卖城”——作为突破口,揭示清代蒙古地区城镇建设的状况和商贸活动的特点。文章由“买卖城”的特征与布局、“买卖城”的商业特点、“买卖城”的管理三个部分组成。通过对“买卖城”的概念、性质、规模、布局、市场特色、交易方式、商业群体、市镇管理、行业管理等问题的研究,探讨清代蒙古地区“买卖城”的形成及其商业特色和商业地位,以期能对深化清代蒙古社会经济史的研究有所裨益。
The changes of Mongolian society in Qing Dynasty are manifested in all aspects, especially the policies of the Qing court in system construction, religious advocacy, immigration development and traffic development, which fundamentally changed the social appearance in Mongolia. A comprehensive review of changes in different fields is a prerequisite and basis for our understanding of the Mongolian society in the Qing Dynasty. In this paper, we take the new thing in the Mongolian society of the Qing Dynasty as the “town” of Mongolia - the “specific region” as the object of study, and select the most characteristic commercial area in the “region” - “trading city” - As a breakthrough point to reveal the status of urban construction in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty and the characteristics of business activities. The article consists of three parts: the characteristics and layout of “trading city”, the commercial characteristics of “trading city” and the management of “trading town”. Through the research on the concept, nature, scale, layout, market characteristics, trading patterns, business groups, market management and industrial management of “trading city ”, this paper discusses the formation of “trading city ” in Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty And its commercial characteristics and commercial status in the hope of deepening the study of Mongolian social and economic history in Qing Dynasty.