中国共产党执政以来,进行了三次西部开发。第一次是1950年代以“一五”计划为中心的西部新工业基地建设;第二次是1964年至1978年以战备为中心进行的三线建设:第三次是1999年启动至今正在进行的西部大开发战略。这三次西部开发的过程,也包括了指导思想的三方面探索和转变:首先是开发目的,由国家安全受到国际形势威胁的被动向西转移建设重点,转向促进东西部地区协调发展、对世界开放的主动战略;其次是开发内容,由单纯开发资源、兴建企业的计划投资经济建设,转向社会主义市场经济为主导,注重西部可持续发展特点,经济、社会、生活、人文、环境的全面建设;最后是制定战略的方式,由毛泽东根据国际国内政治斗争需要急切作出三线建设决策,转向中央领导集体反复进行民主讨论和科学论证、采纳专家研究成果的西部大开发决策。 Since the Chinese Communist Party took power, it has conducted three times of western development. The first was the construction of a new western industrial base in the 1950s centered on the “One-Five-Plan.” The second was the third-line construction centering on combat readiness from 1964 to 1978: the third was started in 1999 and is still being implemented The western development strategy. The three stages of the development of the western region also include the exploration and transformation of three aspects of the guiding ideology: the first is for the purpose of development, and the focus of passive westward transfer from the threat of the national security to the international situation turns to promoting the coordinated development of the eastern and western regions and opening up to the world The second is the content of development, which is mainly driven by the planned investment and economic construction of enterprises, plans to invest in the construction of enterprises and the transition to a socialist market economy. It pays attention to the characteristics of sustainable development in the western region and the overall construction of economy, society, life, humanities and the environment. Lastly, it is a way of formulating strategies by which Mao Zedong urgently made the decisions on the third-line construction according to the needs of international and domestic political struggles and turned to the decision of the central leadership of the Central Government to conduct democratic discussions and scientific arguments repeatedly and to adopt the results of expert research in the western development.