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路桥工程中的地基土体在上部结构荷载作用下产生应力和变形。地基的竖直方向变形即为沉降,沉降计算是地基基础验算的重要内容,也是土力学的重要课题之一。土体的变形和沉降是同土的压缩性能密切相关的。土的压缩性包含两方面的内容:一是压缩变形量的绝对大小,亦即沉降量大小,二是压缩变形随时间的变化,即所谓土体固结的问题。在试验室用固结仪(亦称压缩仪)进行固结试验是研究土的压缩性的最基本方法。常规固结试验虽然仪器简单,操作易学,且已有使用的成熟经验,其成果尚能满足一般的生产要求,故目前仍作为主要测试手段,被广泛
The foundation soil in the road and bridge engineering will generate stress and deformation under the superstructure load. Vertical deformation of the foundation is the settlement, settlement calculation is an important part of foundation checking, but also one of the important topics of soil mechanics. Soil deformation and settlement are closely related to the compressibility of soil. Compressibility of soil contains two aspects: First, the absolute size of the compression deformation, that is, the size of the settlement, the second is the compression deformation over time, the so-called soil consolidation problem. Consolidation tests in the laboratory using consolidation machines (also known as compressors) are the most basic methods for studying the compressibility of soils. Conventional consolidation test although the instrument is simple, easy to learn operation, and has used the mature experience, the results can still meet the general production requirements, it is still as the main test method is widely used