microRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码单链小RNA,调控基因转录后的表达。miRNA表达模式具有位相性和时序性。作为一种广泛存在的对基因表达能进行微调的分子,miRNA通过网络调控方式,可从整体上调控生物体的生命活动。近年研究发现,miRNA在糖尿病发生发展中起重要作用。本文就miRNA在胰腺及胰岛素作用靶器官的作用作一综述。 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding single-stranded small RNAs that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNA expression pattern has the phase and timing. As a widely available molecule that can finely regulate gene expression, miRNAs regulate the life activities of organisms in a holistic way through network regulation. Recent studies have found that miRNA plays an important role in the development of diabetes. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the target organs of the pancreas and insulin.