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目的了解2012年潮州市农村供水卫生状况,为水质卫生监测提供依据。方法以潮州市2个涉农县为调查点,随机抽取90个集中式供水单位为监测点,在枯水期和丰水期各检测1次,每次采集出厂水、末梢水水样各1份。对色度、浑浊度等水质指标进行检测,并调查生活饮用水水源类型、取水方式、分类饮用人口、水处理方式、供水能力等。结果调查点农村集中式供水设施共214个,供水覆盖人口占64.0%,水源水36.0%为溪水,江河水占33.2%,其中8.4%未采取任何水处理措施;分散式供水点382个,供水36.0%,基本以泉水为水源(54.7%),其中机器取水占59.4%。枯水期水质总合格率89.4%,丰水期90.0%。枯水期和丰水期地下水水质合格率(75.0%和76.5%)均低于地面水(均98.2%);单项指标合格率较低的前3项为菌落总数、总大肠菌群和铁。结论潮州市农村集中式供水单位的水质合格率高于全省总合格率,但人群覆盖比例不高。水质不合格指标主要为微生物超标,是当前农村安全饮水急需解决的问题。
Objective To understand the status of rural water supply and sanitation in Chaozhou City in 2012 and provide the basis for water quality health monitoring. Methods Two agro-related counties in Chaozhou City were selected as survey sites. Ninety centralized water supply units were randomly selected as monitoring points, one for dry season and one for wet season, and one for each sample of factory water and peripheral water samples. The chromaticity, turbidity and other indicators of water quality testing, and to investigate the type of drinking water sources, water intake, classification of drinking population, water treatment, water supply capacity. Results A total of 214 rural centralized water supply facilities were surveyed in the survey area, covering 64.0% of the population in the water supply area. 36.0% of the water source streams were streams and rivers accounted for 33.2%, of which 8.4% did not take any water treatment measures; distributed water supply points 382, 36.0%, basically using spring water as the source of water (54.7%), of which 59.4% were water from machines. The total qualified rate of water quality in dry season is 89.4%, 90.0% in wet season. The passing rate of groundwater quality in dry seasons and wet seasons (75.0% and 76.5%) were both lower than those in surface waters (98.2%). The first three items with low single pass rate were total number of colonies, total coliforms and iron. Conclusion The qualified rate of water quality of rural centralized water supply units in Chaozhou City is higher than the total qualified rate of the province, but the coverage of the population is not high. The main indicators of unqualified water quality for microorganisms exceeded, is the current urgent need to address the issue of safe drinking water in rural areas.