一、概述在民法理论中,对侵权责任成立要件的认识并不统一,有“三要件说”、“四要件说”、“五要件说”等各种学说。这些学说虽然在成立要件的数量与要素上持不同的观点,但他们的共同之处在于都是“齐合填充式”的理论体系。这种理论体系的特点在于侵权人的行为虽然符合了侵权责任的成立要件,但如果存在正当防卫、紧急避险、不可抗力等违法阻却事由时行为人则不承担民事侵权责任。这样,这种理论体系在逻辑上表示为:某种行 First, an overview In the civil law theory, the understanding of the elements of the establishment of tort liability is not uniform, there are “three elements say ”, “four elements said ”, “five elements said ” and other doctrines. Although these doctrines hold different views on the number and elements of the elements that are formed, what they all have in common is that they are all “syndicated”. The characteristic of this theoretical system is that although the infringer's behavior accords with the elements of infringement liability, if there is justifiable defense, emergency hedging, force majeure and other illegal obstruction, the perpetrator will not bear the liability for tort. In this way, this theoretical system is logically expressed as: a certain line