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在放射性治疗(外照射或内照射)疑难病症(如癌症)及重症病过程中,病体所受剂量及其分布是治疗过程中必须考虑的问题。当射线进入人体后各部分受到的剂量必须要进行理论计算。射线在人体内的反应机制是光子和电子偶合输运过程,非常复杂,一般数值方法难于求解。Monte Carlo方法是解决本类问题十分有效的方法。该文将Monte Carlo方法应用到核辐射医学中,叙述了两种体内剂量场分布的Monte Carlo计算方法:沉积能量法和通量转换法。为了提高计算效率,给出了几种实用的技巧。最后,介绍了一个应用实例。
During radiotherapy (external or internal irradiation) difficult conditions (such as cancer) and critically ill patients, the dose and distribution of the patient’s body must be considered in the treatment process. When the ray enters the body after each part of the dose must be theoretical calculations. The reaction mechanism of radiation in the human body is photon and electron coupling transport process, is very complex, the general numerical method is difficult to solve. Monte Carlo method is a very effective method to solve this kind of problem. This paper applies the Monte Carlo method to nuclear medicine and describes two Monte Carlo calculation methods of dose field distribution in vivo: deposition energy method and flux transformation method. In order to improve computational efficiency, several practical tips are given. Finally, an application example is introduced.