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The oxidation behavior of a magnetron sputtered nanocrystalline NiAl coating wasinvestigated at 1000℃ in air. Comparing with cast NiAl and NiAl-0.1at.%Y alloysreveals influences of nanocrystallization as well as yttrium addition on the oxidationbehavior of NiAl. Results show that a phase transformation from metastable θ-Al2O3to stable α-Al2O3 occurred in scales, which was accelerated by the microcrystallizationand retarded by the addition of Y. The addition of Y as well as the nanocrystallizationreduced the void formation at the interface between the scale and the substrate.