大量的宏观证据表明,上地幔和地壳中、下部岩石发生着塑性变形,许多光学和电子显微镜的研究(Ball和White,1977)已经提供了强有力的证据,说明在岩石的这种塑性变形过程中主要机制是由晶体的位错运动所构成。在许多矿物特别是石英和橄榄石中观察到的结构非常相似于那些曾经受到高温及蠕变条件下的变形的金属和陶磁。在大晶粒中可见到明显的 Numerous macroscopic evidences indicate that plastic deformation occurs in the upper mantle and in the lower and middle crust, and many studies of optical and electron microscopy (Ball and White, 1977) have provided strong evidence of this plastic deformation in rock The main mechanism is composed of dislocation movement of crystals. The structures observed in many minerals, especially quartz and olivine, are very similar to those of metals and ceramics that have been subjected to deformation under high temperature and creep conditions. Visible in large grains