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滕尼斯较早根据人类群体生活结合状态的差异作了共同体与现代社会两种类型的划分。共同体是人的意志完善的统一体,是持久和真正的具有道德性的共同生活。现代社会的发展及现代性的展开以多种方式加剧了对逝去道德共同体的乡愁:眷恋其自然而然性、默然一致性、和睦性以及道德性等。同时现代社会也创造了道德共同体再建构的新形态:即业缘群体意义上的职业道德共同体、日常生活意义上的社区地缘道德共同体、基于政治认同的民族国家道德共同体以及基于规避现代社会风险意义上的人类命运道德共同体。
Tengnis earlier made a distinction between the two types of community and modern society based on the differences in the combined status of human life. Community is a perfect unity of human will, and it is a lasting and true moral common life. The development of modern society and the unfolding of modernity have exacerbated the nostalgia of the lost moral community in a variety of ways: nostalgia for its naturalness, silent unity, harmony and morality. At the same time, the modern society has also created a new form of re-construction of the moral community: that is, the community of professional ethics in the group of industry edge, community geo-moral community in daily life, the ethno-national moral community based on political identity and the risk-based meanings of modern society On the human destiny moral community.