A target of limiting global warming below 1.5 or 2 ℃ by 2100 relative to the preindustrial level was established in the 2015 Paris Agreement to combat the climate crisis.The fast increase in human-induced CO2 in the atmosphere has accelerated the warming dur-ing the past decades.To achieve the low-warming target,China has announced that it will endeavor to reach the carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 [1].Many other regions or countries have also issued legislation or policies to accomplish carbon neutrality by the middle of this century such as the European Union,India,Canada,South Africa,etc.[2].The achievement of the ambitious carbon neutrality in the future will require anthropogenic emissions to decrease quickly from now,which could lead to reductions in both CO2 and aerosols [3].How-ever,the same trends in CO2 and aerosols have the opposite radia-tive forcings.The cooling effect of declined CO2 will be superimposed by the warming effect of declined aerosols.Mean-while,aerosol changes could affect oceanic processes from the sur-face to the depth [4,5] and alter the regional pattern of surface temperature.Therefore,the roles of anthropogenic aerosols on sur-face temperature changes under carbon neutrality need further investigations.