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目的统计天津市河东区近7年各型病毒性肝炎的发病情况,分析其流行特征和规律,为制订防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法对2010—2016年天津市河东区病毒性肝炎发病率,时间特征、发病人群性别、年龄特征等进行统计分析。结果 2010—2016年,天津市河东区病毒性肝炎共发病914例,其中死亡3例,2010—2014年发病率呈逐渐下降趋势,从2010年的19.85/10万,降至2014年的11.46/10万,但2015—2016年发病率却出现了升高;血液途径传播的乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎仍然是主要的发病病毒种类,共790例,占发病人数的86.43%;粪口途径传播的甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎防控形势严峻,累计发病111例,且发病率呈逐年走高的趋势;病毒性肝炎发病时间较为均匀,每月均有病例,3、4月是发病小高峰;发病人群性别特征突出,男性明显多于女性;发病人群年龄主要集中在45~59岁。结论病毒性肝炎在天津市河东区的每年发病人数均超过100例,且在最近3 a呈现出全面上升的态势,病毒性肝炎防治任务严峻,应加强乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎等疫苗接种,对通过粪口途径传播的病毒性肝炎发病高峰期和重点区域实施重点防护,切断传播途径,有效防治病毒性肝炎。
Objective To analyze the incidence of various types of viral hepatitis in Hedong District, Tianjin in the recent 7 years, analyze its epidemiological characteristics and laws, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods The incidence, time characteristics, gender and age of viral hepatitis in Hedong District of Tianjin during 2010-2016 were analyzed statistically. Results From 2010 to 2016, 914 cases of viral hepatitis were found in Hedong District of Tianjin City, including 3 deaths. The incidence in 2010-2014 showed a decreasing trend from 19.85% in 2010 to 11.46% in 2014, But the incidence increased from 2015 to 2016. Hepatitis B and C were still the major pathogens in the blood transmitted by blood, a total of 790 cases, accounting for 86.43% of the total number of cases; the fecal oral route of transmission Of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E prevention and control situation is grim, the cumulative incidence of 111 cases, and the incidence showed a trend of rising year by year; viral hepatitis incidence more evenly, every month cases, 3,4 months is the incidence of small peak; Outbreak of the population prominent gender characteristics, men were significantly more than women; incidence of age groups mainly in the 45 to 59 years old. Conclusions The annual incidence of viral hepatitis in Hedong District of Tianjin City is more than 100 cases, showing an overall upward trend in recent 3 years. The task of prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis is severe. Vaccination of hepatitis B and hepatitis C should be strengthened, On the peak of fecal-oral transmission of viral hepatitis incidence and key areas of implementation of key protection, cut off the transmission, effective prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis.