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中医中药是祖国传统医药学的瑰宝,随着传统中药的标准化和国际化进程的推进,中药的有效单体亟待明确与开发.目前,国内外学者对中药的活性单体成分研究报道逐渐增多,但单体数量庞杂,缺少系统性归纳.本文对2015版《中国药典》第1部中记载的对眼部有治疗作用的56种中药中已知的相关药理作用与其对应的活性组分或单体进行归纳总结,并将这些具有眼部治疗作用的中药材中含有的主要成分或单体按照治疗眼部疾病的作用机制,从抗病原微生物、抗炎及免疫调节、抗氧化应激损伤、神经保护、血管保护作用几个方面分类阐述其最新的眼科研究进展,以期为致力于眼科疾病治疗及中药开发研究的科研人员提供一定的参考.“,”Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of China and the people of the world.With the standardization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine,the effective components or monomers of Chinese herbal medicines should be clarified and investigated.Although researches on effective components of Chinese herbal medicines have been increasing year by year,there is a lack of systematic induction.In this review,we summarized the traditional Chinese medicines which have therapeutic effects on the eye diseases recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition).According to the information from published books and literature reports,the relevant bioactive constituents of these Chinese medicines and the possible mechanisms of their pharmacological actions are summarized and categorized here in 5 aspects:antipathogenic microbial action,anti-inflammation and immunomodulation,anti-oxidation,neuroprotection,and vascular protection.We hope that this review will provide some theoretical basis and reference for the researchers who are dedicated to the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and the research and development of traditional Chinese medicines.