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抗倒伏性是大豆高产稳产研究的重要内容。选用黑农37和黑农42两个大豆品种为试验材料,在25万和35万株/hm~2密度条件下,对不同生育时期大豆茎秆的形态指标、茎秆基部挫折力等力学特性进行测定,较系统地研究了大豆生育期间抗倒伏性状变化规律。结果表明,大豆生育期间,随着株高和单株鲜重的变化,植株重力力矩呈单峰曲线变化,R_5-R_6期达到峰值,茎粗和茎秆基部挫折力也呈现相同的变化规律;而抗倒伏系数是大豆茎秆力学特性的综合表现,呈现U型变化,在R_5-R_6期最小,表明该期间最易倒伏;大豆株高、单株鲜重、植株重力力矩与抗倒伏系数呈极显著负相关,大豆茎粗、基部茎秆挫折力、弹性模量与抗倒伏系数呈极显著正相关,表明大豆株高越低、单株鲜重越小、重力力矩越小、茎粗越粗、茎秆挫折力及弹性模量越大,大豆抗倒伏性越强。供试的两种密度条件下,大豆单株鲜重、茎粗、茎秆基部挫折力、重力力矩、抗倒伏系数等性状,35万株/hm~2处理明显低于25万株/hm~2处理,表明随种植密度增加,大豆倒伏风险增大。
Lodging resistance is an important part of research on high and stable yield of soybean. The two soybean cultivars, Heinong 37 and Heinong 42, were selected as test materials. Under the condition of density of 250,000 and 350,000 plants / hm ~ 2, the mechanical properties of soybean stem at different growth stages, Were measured to systematically study the law of lodging resistance during soybean growth. The results showed that during the growth period of soybean, the gravitational moment of plant changed with single peak curve, the peak of R_5-R_6 peaked and the same change trend appeared at the base of stem and stem; The coefficient of lodging resistance is the comprehensive performance of the mechanical properties of soybean stalks, showing a U-shaped change, the smallest in the R_5-R_6 period, indicating that the lodging most likely to lodging; Soybean plant height, fresh weight per plant, plant gravity moment and lodging coefficient was extremely Significant negative correlation, Soybean stem diameter, base stems frustration force, elastic modulus and lodging coefficient were significantly and significantly positive correlation, indicating that the lower the plant height of soybean, the smaller the fresh weight per plant, the smaller the moment of gravity, the thicker the stem diameter , The greater the frustration force and elastic modulus of stem, the stronger the lodging resistance of soybean. Under the two density conditions, the treatment of 350,000 plants / hm ~ 2 was significantly lower than 250,000 plants / hm ~ 2 with the fresh weight per plant, the stem diameter, the base of the stem, the gravitational torque and the lodging resistance coefficient. 2 treatment, indicating that as the planting density increases, the risk of soybean lodging increases.