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根据公路货运营运成本的分配比例,可以得出衡量载重汽车动力传动系统最佳化的主要标准是行驶能力和耗油量。因此,应研究的重要问题就是使最常用的行驶工况范围与发动机特性图中的最大效率区相重合。采用小速比的驱动桥可以使发动机的最常用工况移向具有低油耗的低转速区(并不降低行驶能力)。使用多档变速器能较好地适应低油耗或高行驶能力的行驶范围。发动机效率的最大变动幅度与驾驶员的操作有关。根据摸拟试验与行驶测量,从对最佳化的认识出发,可以得出如何确定发动机、变速器及驱动桥参数的结论。
According to the distribution proportion of operating cost of road freight, the main criteria for measuring the power train optimization of truck are the driving ability and fuel consumption. Therefore, an important issue that should be studied is to make the most common range of driving conditions coincide with the maximum efficiency zone in engine map. The use of a smaller ratio transaxle allows the most common engine operating conditions to be shifted to low engine speeds with low fuel consumption (without deteriorating drivability). The use of multi-speed transmission can better adapt to the driving range of low fuel consumption or high driving ability. The maximum variation in engine efficiency is related to the driver’s operation. Based on the simulation test and driving measurement, from the understanding of optimization, we can draw conclusions about how to determine the parameters of engine, transmission and drive axle.