目标定向理论作为一个有用的基础理论出现在80～90年代,它有助于理解小学生们完成作业时的动机和约束。该理论就是要使学生逐步理解自己的哪些行为与学习成绩有关,并在学习过程中自觉规范。掌握知识目标定向(有时又称任务目标或学习目标)适用于那些需要获得理解力、洞察力或判断力的孩子们,让他们懂得学会学习也是学习本身的目标。成绩目标定向(有时又称自我目标或能力关注目标)适用于那些自己的能力需要被别人发现的孩子们,通过成绩目 As a useful foundational theory, target orientation theory emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, helping to understand the motivation and constraints of pupils in completing their assignments. The theory is to enable students to gradually understand what their own behavior and academic performance, and consciously regulate the learning process. Mastering Knowledge Goal Targeting (sometimes referred to as mission goals or learning goals) is for children who need to gain understanding, insight, or judgment and to learn that learning to learn is also the goal of learning itself. Achievement Goal Orientation (sometimes referred to as self-goal or ability-focused goal) is applicable to those children whose abilities need to be discovered by others.