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目的了解含腮腺炎成分疫苗对流行性腮腺炎暴发的保护效果,为制定流行性腮腺炎防控策略提供依据。方法选择2012年10-12月某小学校暴发病例66例,采用1∶2配对病例对照方法研究疫苗效力。结果病例组平均(7.77±1.36)岁,对照组平均年龄(8.03±1.30)岁,2组平均年龄差异无统计学意义(t=1.298,P=0.267)。疫苗接种至发病的平均间隔时间为(5.66±2.04)年。总体疫苗效力为37.93%(95%CI:0~73.1%)。接种疫苗后3年内疫苗效力为92.40%(95%CI:38.3%~99.1%),3年后疫苗效力为21.50%(95%CI:0~60.6%)。结论疫苗效力随接种时间的推移保护效果下降,建议免疫程序中首剂次接种3年后增加第2剂接种。
Objective To understand the protective effect of mumps vaccine against mumps outbreak and provide evidence for the development of mumps prevention and control strategy. Methods Sixty-six cases of outbreaks in a primary school from October to December in 2012 were selected and the efficacy of the vaccine was studied using a 1: 2 matched case-control study. Results The average age of the patients in the control group was (7.77 ± 1.36) years old (8.03 ± 1.30) years old. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.298, P = 0.267). The average time between vaccination and onset of disease was (5.66 ± 2.04) years. The overall vaccine efficacy was 37.93% (95% CI: 0-73.1%). Vaccine efficacy was 92.40% (95% CI: 38.3% -99.1%) within 3 years of vaccination and 21.50% (95% CI: 0-60.6%) after 3 years. Conclusion The efficacy of the vaccine decreased with the time of inoculation. It is suggested that the second dose should be given after the first dose of the first dose for 3 years in the immunization program.