从视涉洋工作为“鬼使”、避之唯恐不及,到主动出洋考察、学习,晚清的官员们终于迈出了睁眼看世界的第一步。鸦片战争之前,自视甚高的清王朝以为天下是以北京为中心的天下,所有外邦夷人只有来朝觐的份儿。然而,好梦终被惊醒,西方列强用军舰大炮与清政府建立了“平等的”外交关系,1861年清政府不得不“允许”外国列强在北京建立使馆,逐渐重视与洋人打交道, From foreign-related work as “ghost ”, to avoid the fear of less than, to take the initiative to study abroad, learning, late Qing officials finally took the first step in the eyes open to see the world. Prior to the Opium War, the Qing dynasty, which had a high regard for itself, regarded the world as the center of Beijing. All the foreign nations had only served as pilgrims. However, the good dreams were finally awakened. The western powers used the naval artillery and the Qing government to establish “equal” diplomatic relations. In 1861, the Qing government had to “allow” the establishment of an embassy by foreign powers in Beijing and pay more attention to dealing with foreigners ,