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应用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测了２０例乳腺良性病变和８２例乳腺癌ｐ５３基因蛋白的表达，并对８例乳腺癌进行了透射电镜观察。结果显示：乳腺良性病变ｐ５３蛋白表达均呈阴性，乳腺癌ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性率为４５．１％（３７／８２）。ｐ５３表达与乳腺癌组织学分级呈正相关。透射电镜观察显示ｐ５３阳性的癌细胞超微结构分化程度低于ｐ５３阴性者，桥粒和其他细胞连接较少，线粒体、内质网较多，微绒毛短而不规则。ｐ５３表达随肿瘤体积增大而有所增加。在雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ）阴性组中ｐ５３表达阳性率高于ＥＲ和ＰＲ阳性组。结果提示ｐ５３表达对鉴别乳腺良恶性病变具有一定作用，并可作为判断乳腺癌恶性程度和预后的指标。
The expression of p53 gene protein was detected in 20 cases of benign breast lesions and 82 cases of breast cancer by immunohistochemical ABC method. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on 8 cases of breast cancer. The results showed that the expression of p53 protein was negative in benign breast lesions. The positive rate of p53 protein expression in breast cancer was 45.1% (37/82). The expression of p53 was positively correlated with the histological grade of breast cancer. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructural differentiation of p53-positive cancer cells was lower than that of p53-negative cells. There was less connection between desmosomes and other cells, and more mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and microvilli were irregular. The p53 expression increased with the tumor volume. The positive rate of p53 expression was higher in the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative groups than in the ER and PR positive groups. The results suggest that p53 expression has a certain role in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions, and can be used as an indicator to judge the malignancy and prognosis of breast cancer.