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通过分析紫罗村的贫困状况发现,离海口市中心城区越远的村庄就越贫困,在官僚层级中所处位置越低的政府所获取的资源越少。从地方政府看,现行的财政分配体制导致基层政府缺乏必要的资金。而由于财政分配体制导致的地方政府对于GDP增长的追逐又使得地方政府将有限的资金投入到能够有更大产出的城区。财政分配体制同时导致了地方政府没钱也没有意愿投资于农村。从中央政府看,掌控着大多数财政资源的中央政府缺乏必要的制度约束和要求,难以确保对乡村的投入。所以事实上各级政府在投资方面忽视了乡村。结论:如果收入分配机制,特别是财政收入分配体制不改变的话,中国农村的贫困状况将很难改变。
By analyzing the poverty situation in Zi Luo Village, it is found that the villages further away from downtown Haikou City are poorer and the less resources the government located in the bureaucratic level is located. From the perspective of local governments, the current fiscal allocation system has led to the lack of necessary funds for grassroots government. However, the local government’s pursuit of GDP growth caused by the fiscal distribution system also causes local governments to put limited funds into urban areas that can produce more output. The fiscal distribution system has also led to the local government has no money nor the willingness to invest in rural areas. From the perspective of the central government, the central government, which controls most of the financial resources, lacks the necessary institutional constraints and requirements and can hardly ensure its investment in the countryside. So in fact all levels of government neglected the country in terms of investment. Conclusion: If the income distribution mechanism, especially the fiscal revenue distribution system, is not changed, the poverty situation in rural China will hardly change.