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目的探讨童年期受虐及父母养育方式对人格的影响,为开展相关人群的心理干预提供参考。方法整群方便抽取济南市1所中专学校、1所高中学校的学生290名,采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、童年期创伤问卷(CTQ)、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)进行问卷调查。结果EPQ的E维度、L维度高分组父母情感温暖理解得分高于低分组(P值均<0.05);EPQ的N维度、P维度高分组虐待及消极的养育方式得分高于低分组(P<0.05)。EPQ的E维度与父母情感温暖理解及偏爱被试正相关(r=0.147～0.260,P值均<0.05);EPQ的N、P维度与受虐及消极的养育方式正相关(r=0.122～0.387,P值均<0.05),与父母的情感温暖理解负相关(r=-0.166～-0.255,P值均<0.01),而EPQ的L维度与此相反(r=-0.127～-0.171,P值均<0.05;r=0.179～0.197,P值均<0.01)。回归分析显示,父亲情感温暖理解进入内外向维度的回归方程;进入神经质、精神质回归方程的多为父母消极的养育方式及童年受虐。结论童年期受虐待及父母养育方式会影响青少年的人格倾向。
Objective To explore the impact of childhood abuse and parenting styles on personality, and to provide reference for the psychological intervention of the related groups. Methods A cluster of 290 students in a secondary school and a high school in Jinan City were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using the EPQ, CTQ and EMBU . Results The score of EPQ in both E dimension and L dimension high score group was significantly higher than that in low score group (P <0.05). The score of EPQ in N dimension and P dimension was higher than that in low score group (P < 0.05). The E dimension of EPQ was positively correlated with warmth understanding and preference of parents (r = 0.147-0.260, P <0.05). The N and P dimensions of EPQ were positively correlated with the abuse and negative parental rearing patterns (r = 0.122 ~ (R = -0.166 ~ -0.255, P <0.01), while the L dimension of EPQ was the opposite (r = -0.127 ~ -0.171, P < P <0.05; r = 0.179 ~ 0.197, P <0.01). Regression analysis shows that father’s emotional warmth comprehends the regression equation which goes into the inner and outer dimensions. Most of the regression equations of neuroticism and spirituality are negative parental rearing and childhood abuse. Conclusion Child abuse and parental rearing patterns in childhood affect teenagers’ personality tendencies.