论文部分内容阅读
1644年,清军攻人北京,在军事上已经取得强势。但清政权要想扩大战果,在汉人密集的广大内地站稳脚跟,政治、军事及文化策略上,都必须解决许多问题。清廷一方面强力镇压反抗力量,另一方面也采取招降明朝官员、废除明代赋税加派等等怀柔手段,思想文化上则进一步靠近发展较为成熟的儒学。马克思、恩格斯在论述“蛮族”征服较先进民族地区时认为:“征服者很快就学会了被征服民族的语言,接受了他们的教育和风
In 1644, the Qing troops attacked Beijing and achieved great military success. However, if the Qing government wants to expand its success in the war, it will have a firm foothold in the vast hinterland of the Han people. Many political, military and cultural tactics must solve many problems. The Qing court, on the one hand, cracked down on the resistance forces on the other hand, and on the other hand, it took the steps of recruiting officials of the Ming Dynasty, abolishing Huairou and other means of affixing taxes in the Ming Dynasty, and further approaching the development of more mature Confucianism in its ideological and cultural traditions. Marx and Engels, in their discussion of ”barbarians,“ conquered the more advanced ethnic regions as saying: ”The conquerors quickly learned the language of the conquered peoples and accepted their education