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目的:考察珠海市青少年群体亲近自然的情况及其与青少年心理健康的关系。方法:对744名青少年施测自编的亲自然情况调查问卷和长处与困难问卷。结果:1青少年亲近自然活动的次数和时间较少,主要集中于户外徒步、到自然风景区游玩、爬上/登山等活动,而较少进行接近野外的亲自然活动;2青少年与自然互动的活动主要以在居住地附近的花园/公园/绿道进行身体锻炼为主,其次是照顾宠物和种花种菜;335%和34.3%的青少年表示参加亲自然活动和与自然互动活动时非常开心,并且有37.6%和37.8%的青少年表示非常愿意继续参加此类活动;4青少年认为促使他们亲近自然的主要因素有调节情绪缓解压力,与同伴一起玩耍,锻炼身体等,而阻碍他们亲近自然的主要因素则是学业压力太大,没有朋友组织以及家里舒服喜欢呆在家里;5客观的亲近自然活动和自然互动情况与青少年的注意力多动水平呈显著负相关(r亲近自然活动次数=-0.13,r亲近自然活动时间=-0.11,r与自然互动活动次数=-0.11,P均<0.01),但与儿童的亲社会行为存在显著正相关(r亲近自然活动次数=0.11,r与自然互动活动次数=0.12,P均<0.01);6青少年对亲自然活动和自然互动活动的主观喜欢程度与情绪症状(r亲近自然活动=-0.11,r与自然互动活动=-0.16,P均<0.01)、品行问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.19,r与自然互动活动=-0.13,P均<0.01)、多动注意力问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.18,r与自然互动活动=-0.17,P均<0.01)和同伴交往问题(r亲近自然活动=-0.12,;r与自然互动活动=-0.14,P均<0.01)存在显著负相关,而与亲社会行为呈显著正相关(r亲近自然活动=0.24,r与自然互动活动=0.21,P均<0.01)。结论:珠海市青少年较少进行亲自然活动,其亲自然活动情况与其消极心理问题存在负相关,而与积极心理健康存在正相关。
Objective: To investigate the close relationship between adolescents in Zhuhai city and their relationship with adolescent mental health. Methods: A total of 744 adolescents were surveyed with self-made questionnaires and strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Results: 1 Adolescents are less likely to be close to nature and spend less time on the nature. They mainly focus on outdoor trekking, activities such as natural scenery, climbing / hiking, and less pro-nature activities close to the wild. 2 Adolescents interact with nature The activities are mainly based on physical exercises in the gardens / parks / greenways near the place of residence, followed by care of pets and planting flowers; 335% and 34.3% of the adolescents said they are very happy to participate in nature activities and activities, And 37.6% and 37.8% of adolescents said they are very willing to continue to participate in such activities. 4 The main factors that young people think promote their closeness with nature are the main factors that regulate emotional stress relief, play with peers, exercise the body, and impede their closeness to nature The factors were that academic pressure was too high, no friends organization and family comfortably enjoyed staying at home; 5 objectively close to natural activities and natural interactions were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents’ attentional activity (r was close to natural activities = -0.13 , r close to natural activity time = -0.11, r and natural interaction activity number = -0.11, P <0.01), but there was significant relationship with children’s prosocial behavior (R = natural frequency of activities = 0.11, r = natural interaction activity times = 0.12, P <0.01); 6 the subjective like degree and emotional symptoms , r and natural interaction activity = -0.16, P <0.01), conduct problems (r close to natural activity = -0.19, r and natural interaction activity = -0.13, P <0.01), attentional problem Natural activity = -0.18, r and natural interaction activity = -0.17, P <0.01) and peer interaction problems (r close to natural activity = -0.12, r and natural interaction activity = -0.14, P <0.01) (R = 0.24 for natural activity, r = 0.21 for natural interaction, P <0.01 for all). Conclusion: Adolescents in Zhuhai have less spontaneous activities, their proactive activities are negatively correlated with their negative psychological problems, and positively correlated with positive mental health.