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AIM: To investigate a genetic polymorphism of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 ( MCP-1) gene in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS: MCP-1 genotyping was performed in 23 patients with SBP and 83 cirrhotic control patients with non-infected ascites.RESULTS: The frequency of carriers of the G-allele was lower in SBP patients but this difference did not reach statistical significance. However, in the subgroup of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis ( n = 80), carriersof the G-allele were significantly less frequent in SBPpatients(38.1%) than in cirrhotic controls (67.8%, P =0.021).CONCLUSION: In patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis,the -2518 MCP-1 genotype AA is a risk factor for the development of SBP.