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计算机控制的自动静脉给药系统国外已有报道。美国阿拉巴马大学的Louis C.Sheppard教授等人采用比例-积分控制规则(PID 控制器)自动控制硝普钠的静脉给药,已用于临床。该控制器的优点是控制规则简单,计算量小,运行可靠。缺点是需要事先进行大量的临床实验计算平均阶跃响应幅度,从而决定控制器参数。这样产生的PID控制器只适用于硝普钠。对硝普钠敏感性适中的病人控制效果很好。对硝普钠敏感性低的病人,PID控制器很慢才能将病人的血压降至正常水平;而对硝普钠敏感性高的病人则很快将病人的血压降至低于正常水平。
Computer-controlled automatic intravenous delivery system has been reported abroad. Professor Louis C. Sheppard of the University of Alabama at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA, has used the proportional-integral control rule (PID controller) to automatically control the intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside and has been used clinically. The advantage of this controller is that the control rules are simple, the calculation is small, and the operation is reliable. The disadvantage is that a large number of clinical trials need to be performed in advance to calculate the average step response amplitude, which determines the controller parameters. The resulting PID controller is only suitable for sodium nitroprusside. Patients with modest SNP sensitivity have good control. In patients with low sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside, the PID controller was slow to bring the patient’s blood pressure to a normal level; patients who were sensitive to sodium nitroprusside soon dropped their patient’s blood pressure to below normal levels.