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15世纪以来,加纳一直在开采黄金。在1493—1600年间,黄多海岸所产金占全世界金产量的36％。从那时以后黄金产量一直呈下降趋势,到了1986年,加纳只生产了11.5t黄金。然而,1987年以后,加纳的工业迅猛发展,黄金产量达32t,这个国家通过财政和法律来鼓励投资的政策。 今年政府正着眼于持续推行取消国有企业的政策,以进一步完成私有化。同时正计划进一步放宽现行的采矿税制并减免国家勘探税的75％。税制修正案有望在今年年底出台,而且矿产委员会希望在以后的几个月里免除过多的勘探特许制度。 政策方面的修改始于1983年,其后重新检查了该国不断下降的采矿业。检查的结果,政府采用了许多措施挽救采矿业:建立一个新的投资法规;修改了现有的采矿法,使之对可能的投资者长期获得勘查和开采矿物特权,为了使采矿公司在纳税(公司税、矿区使用税,采矿税)后还能获利,修改了税法;复查公司汇款水平和移居海外的劳动力;并使小规模的采矿合法化。新的政策使黄金勘查在80年代后期得以兴起,并使新的采矿工业得以发展。加上主要的新黄金矿山,在小规模采矿计划中已有大约650个矿山获得了采矿许可。
Ghana has been mining gold since the 15th century. Between 1493 and 1600, the gold produced by the Yellow Coast accounted for 36% of the world’s gold production. Gold production has been declining since then, and in 1986, Ghana produced only 11.5 tons of gold. However, since 1987, Ghana’s industry has witnessed rapid development, with 32 tons of gold produced. This country has adopted fiscal and legal policies to encourage investment. This year the government is focusing on continuing the policy of eliminating state-owned enterprises to further complete privatization. At the same time, it is planning to further relax the current mining tax system and reduce or eliminate 75% of the national exploration tax. The tax system amendment is expected to be introduced by the end of this year, and the Minerals Commission hopes to exempt the excessive exploration concession system in the next few months. The policy changes began in 1983, after which it re-examined the country’s declining mining industry. As a result of the inspection, the government has adopted many measures to save the mining industry: the establishment of a new investment regulation; the modification of the existing mining law to make it possible for prospective investors to obtain long-term exploration and exploitation of mineral privilege in order to make mining companies pay taxes ( Corporate tax, mining area use tax, and mining tax can also be used to make profits, modify the tax code, review the company’s remittance levels and emigration to overseas labor, and legitimize small-scale mining. The new policy allowed gold exploration to take off in the late 1980s and allowed the new mining industry to develop. Together with the major new gold mines, approximately 650 mines have been granted mining permits in the small-scale mining scheme.