俄罗斯是一个传统的海洋大国,俄罗斯海军建军也已有300年的历史。俄海军在俄百年多的发展与扩张的历史中,起到了重要作用,至今仍被俄视为保障世界强国地位的重要支柱。苏联解体后,俄罗斯继承了绝大部分的海上武装力量,并根据国内外形势的变化及时调整了海军战略,逐步形成了“濒海纵深防御与远洋进攻相结合”的战略方针,明确提出“不仅要有近海防御,也要有远洋作战能力,必须能够确保对俄罗斯至关重要的巴伦支海、鄂霍茨克海及太平洋有关海域的安全,确保联系俄罗斯东西部的海上交通。”为了贯彻近海防御的作战思想,保持远洋作战能力,俄罗斯提出了“优先发展海军”的原则,并开始实施其21世纪舰队的构想。在近年来军费十分紧张的情况下,仍然不断研制和装备新型海军舰艇。这些新舰艇,如“库兹涅佐夫”级航母、“台风”级和D-Ⅳ级战略导弹潜艇、“鲨鱼”级和V-Ⅲ级核潜艇,以及大量的“现代”级、“无畏”级导弹驱逐舰、“不惧”级导弹护卫舰 Russia is a traditional maritime power. The Russian naval army has also been established for 300 years. The Russian Navy played an important role in the history of the development and expansion of Russia for more than 100 years and is still regarded by Russia as an important pillar for safeguarding its status as a world power. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited most of the armed forces at sea and adjusted its naval strategy in a timely manner according to changes in the situation at home and abroad and gradually formed a strategic guideline of “integrating the littoral defense in depth and the offensive in the oceans and seas” clearly. “Not only offshore defense but also ocean-going combat capability must be able to ensure the safety of the maritime areas of the Barents Sea, Okhotsk and the Pacific that are of vital importance to Russia, and to ensure the maritime traffic in the east and west of Russia.” “In order to carry out the operational thinking of coastal defenses and maintain the capability of ocean-going operations, Russia has proposed the principle of” giving priority to the development of the Navy “and started implementing the concept of a 21st-century fleet. In recent years, military spending has been very tense, we still continue to develop and equip new naval vessels. These new ships, such as Kuznetsov aircraft carriers, Typhoon D-IV strategic missile submarines, Sharks and V-III nuclear submarines, as well as a large number of ” Modern “class,” “fearless” class guided missile destroyer, “fear” class missile frigate