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同时含有微孔和介孔的多级孔磷酸铝分子筛由于能减少微孔磷酸铝分子筛在涉及大分子的催化反应中的扩散限制,近年来逐渐成为人们的研究热点。本文主要阐述了多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成、表征和催化应用方面的最新进展。根据多级孔的生成机制,将多级孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成方法分成了四类,即硬模板法、软模板法、无模板法和后处理法,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了系统的比较。以磷酸硅铝分子筛为例,评述了各种表征多级孔分子筛的酸性和孔结构的方法。最后,对多级孔磷酸硅铝分子筛在三类重要的催化反应(即烷基化反应、异构化反应和甲醇制烯烃)中的研究进展进行了综述。
In recent years, multi-stage pore aluminophosphate molecular sieves containing micropores and mesopores have gradually become the focus of research because they can reduce the diffusion limitation of microporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves in the catalytic reactions involving macromolecules. This article mainly expounds the latest progress in the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of multi-stage pore aluminophosphate molecular sieves. According to the formation mechanism of multi-stage pores, the synthesis methods of multi-stage pore aluminophosphate molecular sieve are divided into four categories: hard template method, soft template method, template-free method and post-treatment method, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are systematically studied Comparison. Taking silicoaluminophosphate as an example, a variety of methods for characterizing the acidity and pore structure of multistage pore molecular sieves were reviewed. Finally, the progress of three kinds of important catalytic reactions (alkylation reaction, isomerization reaction and methanol-to-olefins) of multi-stage pore silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve are reviewed.