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年代与时间,虽然看上去不过是一些数字迷宫里的数字,但它们的作用却如同钉在墙上的挂钩——有了它们,我们才能清晰便捷地将一幅幅历史的画卷铺展开来。公元313年,无论如何都是一个特殊的年份——在同一年里,古罗马的君坦丁大帝做了两件大事:第一,宣布基督教为罗马国教,使这支诞生于公元前1世纪的宗教势力与世俗的皇权政治紧密结合在一起;第二,在罗马帝国东端城市建立起一座新的首都——君士坦丁堡,也就是今天的伊斯坦布尔。从此,将帝国分为以罗马为中心的西部帝国和以新首都为中心的东都帝国。这两件事,对日后欧洲的历史都有着深远的影响,从而也深刻地改变了绘画的面貌。下面这幅东罗马帝国的美术作品,它由许多细小的彩色玻璃石子拼贴镶嵌而成,是意大利拉文那城圣威塔尔(S.Vitale)教堂内的装饰壁画:它上面描绘的,是东罗马帝国的皇帝查士丁尼(公元527
Age and time, though they may seem like numbers in the maze of numbers, act like pegs on the wall - and with them we can unravel a picture of history with ease and clarity. In 313, a special year, in any event - in the same year, the monarch of ancient Rome made two major accomplishments: first, to declare Christianity a Roman state religion and to make this one born in the first century BC Religious forces and secular imperial power closely integrated with politics; second, in the eastern end of the Roman Empire to establish a new capital - Constantinople, that is, today’s Istanbul. From then on, the empire was divided into a Roman-centered Western Empire and a new capital-centered East Empire. These two events have a profound impact on the history of Europe in the future, thus profoundly changing the appearance of painting. Below is a picture of the Eastern Roman Empire, a work of art composed of many small stained-glass cobblestones adorned with decorative frescoes inside S.Vitale’s church in Ravenna, Italy: It is the emperor Justinian of the Eastern Roman Empire (AD 527)