我科自1980～1985年共收治了7例组织细胞增生X(Histocytosis X)的病人。现报道2例入院前被误诊的典型病例,并将误诊原因作一分析,供同行参考。例1,黄某,男,一岁七个月。入院前五个月中,因头顶部出现四个核桃样肿物伴发热,胸、背部皮肤皮疹分批出现,而先后在当地二个医院拟诊为头部脓肿,败血症?曾二次作“脓肿”切开术,术中流血较多但无脓液,切口久经不愈。患儿面色进行性苍白,日渐消瘦于 Our department from 1980 to 1985 were treated in a total of seven cases of cell proliferation X (Histocytosis X) patients. Now reported 2 cases were misdiagnosed before admission typical cases and misdiagnosis of an analysis for the peer reference. Example 1, Hwang, male, one year and seven months. In the first five months before admission, four walnut-like masses accompanied by fever appeared on the top of the head, and the skin rash of the chest and back appeared in batches. In the two local hospitals, they were subsequently diagnosed with head abscess and sepsis. Abscess "incision, intraoperative bloodshed but no pus, incision healing. Children pale complexion, losing weight