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目的了解西城(南)区中小学生体格发育现状及变化趋势,为学校卫生工作提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群的抽样方法抽取本区学龄儿童作为研究对象,运用统计描述、方差分析对连续三年的中小学生身高、体重和体格发育情况及变化趋势进行分析。结果 2009-2014年共调查本区中小学生158104人,其中男生79045人,女生79059人。各年度本区相同年龄的学生身高、体重差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);各年度相同年龄组的男生超重、肥胖和矮身材的检出率均高于女生,而低体重的检出率均低于女生。连续三年的监测中,有48.3%的低体重学生两年后转为正常,但超重、肥胖和矮身材转为正常的比例较小。结论西城(南)区中小学生发育水平仍存在问题,学校和家长应重视孩子的身体发育状况,注意均衡营养,防止营养过剩或营养不良的发生。
Objective To understand the current situation and trend of physical development of primary and secondary school students in Xicheng (South) district and to provide reference for school health work. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select the school-age children in this area as study subjects. Statistical analysis and analysis of variance were used to analyze the height, weight and physical development of the primary and secondary school students for three years. Results A total of 158,104 primary and secondary school students were surveyed in 2009-2014, including 79045 boys and 79059 girls. There was no significant difference in height and weight among students of the same age in each year (all P> 0.05). The detection rates of overweight, obesity and short stature were higher in boys of the same age than in girls, The detection rate was lower than girls. Of the three consecutive years of monitoring, 48.3% of low-weight students turned normal after two years, but the proportion of overweight, obesity and short stature turned to be normal. Conclusion There are still problems in the development of primary and secondary school students in Xicheng (South) District. Schools and parents should pay attention to their physical development and pay attention to balanced nutrition to prevent overnutrition or malnutrition.