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依据分子式计算有机化合物不饱和度,即重键和环的数目,是有机结构分析的环节之一,能为确定化合物的结构提供有用的信息。近年来国内外出版的有机化学教材和波谱分析专著,采用不同方法计算这一数值,大体上可以分为相应烃法和公式法。为便于学生理解、接受与记忆,使之能熟练掌握与运用,根据有机化合物 Lewis 结构特点,本文提出另一种计算有机化合物不饱和度的通用方法,叫做价电子法,具体表述如下:
The calculation of the degree of unsaturation of organic compounds based on the formulas, ie the number of heavy bonds and rings, is one of the links in the analysis of organic structures and can provide useful information for the determination of the structure of the compounds. In recent years, published in domestic and international organic chemistry textbooks and spectrum analysis monographs, using different methods to calculate this value, in general, can be divided into the corresponding hydrocarbon law and formula law. In order to facilitate students to understand, accept and remember, so that they can master and use, according to the characteristics of organic compounds Lewis structure, this paper presents another common method of calculating the unsaturated degree of organic compounds, called valence electron method, the specific formulation is as follows: