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一、绪 言 众所周知,煤层中的断层构造对机械化采煤,特别是高度机械化的长壁工作面是十分有害的。即使是落差小于煤厚的断层也会妨碍采煤工作的正常进行。而落差大于煤厚的断层的出现则常常导致开采中断,造成巨大的经济损失。因此及早查明煤层中的断层构造,这对合理的采掘部署,采煤工作面的设计和某些安全措施等都是极为重要的。 西德采用构造指数、水平钻探、立体摄影、钻孔电视、井下测井、勘探巷道、槽波地震等各种方法,结合详细的地质编录来探查和预测煤层中的断层构造,取得了可喜的成果。其中槽波地震法最受关注。近几年来,
I. INTRODUCTION As we all know, the fault structure in coal seam is very harmful to mechanized coal mining, especially to the highly mechanized longwall face. Even a fault with a drop of less than the thickness of the coal will prevent the normal operation of coal mining. The emergence of fault with a drop greater than coal thickness often leads to the interruption of mining and causes huge economic losses. Therefore, the early identification of fault structure in the coal seam, which is reasonable for the deployment of mining, mining face design and some safety measures are all very important. West Germany explored and predicted the fault structure in coal seams by using various methods such as tectonic index, horizontal drilling, stereo photography, borehole television, downhole logging, exploration roadway and slot wave seismic, combined with detailed geological cataloging and achieved gratifying Results. Slot wave seismic method which the most attention. In recent years,