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目的探讨并分析张家口地区肾活检患者的流行病学特点,为提高肾病的诊断和防治能力提供参考。方法对张家口地区463例肾活检患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。观察肾活检患者的疾病分类,病理类型与性别、年龄分布特点的关系。结果原发性肾小球肾炎患者371例(80.13%)、继发性肾小球肾炎患者84例(18.14%)、遗传性肾病患者3例(0.65%)、小管间质性疾病患者5例(1.08%),原发性肾小球肾炎患者显著多于其他组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,原发性肾小球肾炎患者男性和女性各占60.11%、39.89%,男性患者显著多于女性(P<0.05);继发性肾小球肾炎患者男性和女性各占32.14%、67.86%,男性患者显著少于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ig A肾病是原发性肾小球肾炎的多发病理类型,占比为50.13%,显著高于其他病理类型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。狼疮性肾炎是继发性肾小球疾病的多发病理类型,占30.95%,显著高于其他病理类型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。19~40岁组是原发性和继发性肾小球疾病的高发人群,发病显著高于其他年龄组人数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。遗传性肾病和小管间质性疾病的年龄分布特点不明显。结论张家口地区肾病的关键流行特点为:青壮年是肾病的高发人群,Ig A肾病是出现最多的病理类型。应加强对青壮年Ig A肾病的诊断,并制定有效的防治措施。
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of renal biopsy patients in Zhangjiakou area and provide references for improving the diagnosis and prevention and treatment of renal diseases. Methods The clinical data of 463 cases of renal biopsy in Zhangjiakou area were retrospectively analyzed. Observe the classification of renal biopsy patients, pathological types and gender, age distribution characteristics. Results There were 371 (80.13%) patients with primary glomerulonephritis, 84 (18.14%) patients with secondary glomerulonephritis, 3 patients (0.65%) with hereditary nephropathy, and 5 patients with tubulointerstitial disease (1.08%). There were significantly more patients with primary glomerulonephritis than the other groups (P <0.05). Among them, males and females accounted for 60.11% and 39.89% of patients with primary glomerulonephritis, respectively, with significantly more males than females (P <0.05); males and females with secondary glomerulonephritis accounted for 32.14% and 67.86 %, Male patients were significantly less than women, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). IgA nephropathy is a multi-pathological type of primary glomerulonephritis, accounting for 50.13%, which is significantly higher than other pathological types, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Lupus nephritis is a multiple pathological type of secondary glomerular disease, accounting for 30.95%, significantly higher than other pathological types, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). 19 to 40 years old group is a high incidence of primary and secondary glomerular disease, the incidence was significantly higher than the number of other age groups, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The age distribution of hereditary nephropathy and tubulointerstitial disease is not obvious. Conclusions The key epidemiological features of nephropathy in Zhangjiakou area are as follows: young adults are the most frequent nephropathy, IgA nephropathy is the most common pathological type. Should strengthen the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy in young adults, and to develop effective prevention and treatment measures.