磷光即来自一个受激分子三重态的光发射,是1944年 Lewis 和 Kasha 首先正确地鉴别出来的。1957年 Keis,Britt 和 Wentworth 最早提出将其用于分析工作。磷光的某些性质使它明显地区别于荧光,荧光法在分析工作中已得到广泛应用,特别是在生命科学和环境分析方面。图1表明,一个分子的三重态(一般只包括最低三重态)通常不受直接激发(“禁带”跃迁)的影响,但是,由于从最低单激发态起始的系统间跨越跃迁,使三重态增多。在某些情况下,利用“重原子效应”可以使这类系统间跨越增 Phosphorescence, a light emission from a triplet state of excited molecules, was first correctly identified by Lewis and Kasha in 1944. In 1957 Keis, Britt and Wentworth first proposed to use it for analysis. Some properties of phosphorescence make it distinct from fluorescence, and fluorescence spectroscopy has gained widespread use in analytical work, especially in life science and environmental analysis. Figure 1 shows that one molecule’s triplet state (which typically only includes the lowest triplet state) is generally unaffected by direct excitation (“forbidden band” transitions), however, due to the intersystem crossing transition from the lowest single-excited state, State increased. In some cases, the use of “heavy atom effects” can allow such systems to scale up