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目的 观察 194 8～ 1999年上海地区住院心脏病病种的变化趋势。方法 采用回顾性调查方法对上海地区两所综合性医院心脏病患者的流行病学特征进行研究。结果 (1) 194 8～ 1999年每 10年心脏病病例在内科住院病例中所占的比例依次为 9 89% ,15 6 9% ,2 0 91% ,2 3 5 4 %和2 4 2 4 % ,呈上升趋势。 (2 )各种心脏病病种构成呈持续渐进变化 ,冠心病从 4 0年代的 6 78%逐渐上升至 90年代的 39 19% ,不明原因心律失常从 0 6 3%至 18 84 % ,原发性心肌病从 0 0 5 %至 5 0 1% ,心内膜炎从 0 0 2 %至 0 6 9% ;风湿性心脏病构成比下降 ,从 5 0 30 %至 10 2 5 % ;高血压性心脏病、心肌炎和先天性心脏病构成比变化趋势不明显。 (3)住院心脏病病死率呈明显下降趋势每 10年依次为17 91% ,11 5 1% ,14 0 7% ,7 35 %和 2 39%。 (4)年龄呈上升趋势 ,从 4 0年代的 (39 7± 5 5 )岁至80年代的 (5 0 2± 10 1)岁和 90年代的 (6 0 1± 12 7)岁。 (5 )男性比例呈增加趋势 ,从 4 0年代的5 0 7%增至 90年代的 6 2 4 %。结论 2 0世纪后 5 0年 ,心脏病病种构成发生了显著变化 ,冠心病等与人口老龄化有关的心脏病增多 ,是本世纪心血管病防治的重点。
Objective To observe the change trend of hospitalized heart disease in Shanghai from1994to1999. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to study the epidemiological characteristics of heart disease patients in two general hospitals in Shanghai. Results (1) The incidence of heart disease cases among medical inpatients per 10 years from 1998 to 1999 was 9 89%, 15 6 9%, 20 91%, 23 5 4% and 2 4 2 4 respectively % ,Upward trend. (2) The constitution of all kinds of heart diseases showed a continuous and gradual change. The incidence of coronary heart disease gradually increased from 6 78% in the 40s to 39 19% in the 90s. The unexplained arrhythmia ranged from 0 6 3% to 18 84% Myocardial disease ranged from 0 0 5% to 5 0 1%, endocarditis from 0 0 2% to 0 6 9%, rheumatic heart disease composition decreased from 50 30% to 10 2 5%, high Blood pressure heart disease, myocarditis and congenital heart disease composition ratio trend is not obvious. (3) The mortality rate of hospitalized heart disease showed a significant downward trend of 17 91%, 115%, 140%, 73% and 293% every 10 years. (4) The age is on an upward trend from (397 ± 5 5) years in the 40s to (522 ± 10 1) in the 80s and (6011 ± 127) in the 90s. (5) The proportion of males is on the rise, from 50.7% in 40s to 62.4% in 90s. Conclusion 50 years after the 20th century, the composition of heart disease has undergone significant changes, such as coronary heart disease and population aging associated with increased heart disease, is the focus of this century, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.