基于贵州喀斯特山区典型无籽刺梨种植基地的根系土壤的化学指标、物理指标和生物学指标和树体特征,采用空间替换时间的方法,对喀斯特山区无籽刺梨种植基地的土壤质量现状进行全面分析与评价,研究不同种植年限的基地的土壤质量及其树体特征对植被恢复的响应与机制。结果显示:不同林龄的无籽刺梨种植基地的土壤化学、物理和生物学指标差异明显,兴仁县(1~2a)土壤的整体变异程度大于乌当区(3~4a)和西秀区(8~9a),并随着种植年限的增加,土壤质量有所提高;无籽刺梨的冠幅、树高、叶绿素和地径呈现逐渐增加趋势,而分枝数则呈现先增加后下降趋势;兴仁县的pH(0.25)、乌当区的有机质(0.44)和西秀区的全磷(0.46)的隶属度均值最小,分别为三地土壤质量限制性因子;而有效磷(0.19)、有效钾(0.17)和容重(0.25)分别为三地的最大权重系数,是提高各自土壤质量的最重要因子;土壤质量综合指数分别为1.17、1.40和1.90,分别较兴仁县增加了19.69%和61.69%,增加趋势明显。研究表明,无籽刺梨的种植有利于贵州喀斯特山区土壤质量的改善,可作为中度、轻度和潜在石漠化地区生态重建的经济树种。 Based on the chemical, physical, biological and tree characteristics of the root soil in a typical seedless plantation in Guizhou Karst mountain, the soil quality status of the seedless plantation area in the Karst mountainous area Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the different planting years of the base of soil quality and its tree characteristics of the response to vegetation restoration and mechanism. The results showed that the soil chemical, physical and biological indexes of seedless prickly pear planting base differed significantly at different ages. The overall variation degree of soil in Xingren county (1-2a) was greater than that of Wudang district (3-4a) (8 ~ 9a). With the increase of planting years, the soil quality was improved. The crown, tree height, chlorophyll and diameter of seedless prickly pear showed an increasing trend, while the number of branches increased first and then increased (0.25) in Xingren County, the organic matter in Wudang District (0.44) and the total phosphorus (0.46) in Xiuxiu District were the lowest, which were the limiting factors of soil quality in the three areas respectively. However, the available phosphorus 0.19), and the maximum effective weight coefficient (0.17) and bulk density (0.25) were the highest weight coefficients of the three places, respectively, which were the most important factors to improve the soil quality. The comprehensive index of soil quality were 1.17, 1.40 and 1.90, 19.69% and 61.69%, an obvious increase trend. Studies have shown that the planting of seedless prickly pear is conducive to the improvement of soil quality in Guizhou Karst mountains and can be used as economic tree species for ecological reconstruction in moderate, mild and potential rocky desertification areas.