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现代计算暴雨迳流方法的情况在苏联,关於计算暴雨迳流的理论、公式和方法是很多的,按照他们的特徵和内容可以分为以下几类: (1)迳流的流体力学理论; (2)稳定状态或单一时期的公式; (3〕体积公式——它不仅考虑最大流量时期,并考虑整个洪水的形式; (4)经验公式——以流量与一个变数,例如集水面积发生关系。当然,有一些理论和计算方法,是既可属於这一类也可属於那一类的。现在择各类中最主要的理论和方法叙述如下:
In the Soviet Union, there are many theories, formulas and methods for calculating torrential currents. According to their characteristics and contents, they can be divided into the following categories: (1) fluid mechanics theory; 2) Steady-state or single-period formulas; (3) Volumetric formulas - which take into account not only the maximum flow period but also the form of the flood as a whole; and (4) Empirical formulas that relate flow to a variable such as catchment area Of course, there are some theories and methods of calculation that can belong to this category as well as to those that belong to that category. Now the most important theories and methods in each category are described below: