统计学是应用数学的一个组成部分。农业试验中统计学的主要功能在于运用数学原理研究群体的数量特征及其变化规律,以便对群体的性质作出正确的判断。换言之,统计分析的方法就是以群体为研究对象,从量变中考察质的差异的一种数学方法。一、数量特征的描述一般说来,水稻品种“珍珠矮11号”大都比“广陆矮4号”高产,但这并不是绝对的,有时也有例外。统计学没有必要去深究个别的现象,而是把注意力投向整个统计总体。当我们对某一个水稻品种的产量状况进行了比较大量的调查以后,我们首先注意到大多数田块的 Statistics is an integral part of applied mathematics. The main function of statistics in agricultural experiments is to study the quantitative characteristics of the population and its variation with mathematical principles in order to make a correct judgment of the nature of the population. In other words, the method of statistical analysis is to take the group as the object of study, a mathematical method to examine the qualitative difference from the quantitative change. I. Description of Quantitative Characteristics Generally, the rice variety “Pearl Short 11” is mostly more productive than “Guangluai 4”, but this is not absolute, and sometimes there are exceptions. Statistics do not need to go deep into individual phenomena, but focus on the overall statistics. When we conducted a relatively large survey of the yield status of a rice variety, we first noticed that the majority of