Dynamic elastic parameters of coal are closely linked to crack characteristics and are lithology indicators in seismic exploration. This experimental study measured ultrasonic wave velocity of coal samples considering both parallel(90°) and perpendicular(0°) to bedding planes, and then calculated the dynamic elastic parameters(Edand ld) and their anisotropy values(AEdand Ald). The variations of Edand ld,as well as AEdand Aldwere analyzed under various confining stresses. The results show that: Firstly, a critical confining pressure exists, and significant variation in the parameters can be seen below this point and weak variation appears above it. Secondly, a positive correlation exists between Edand the square of P-wave velocity(VP2), and between AEdand the P-wave velocity anisotropy(AEP) as well; however, there is no clear correlation between ldand P-wave velocity(VP). Thirdly, according to the major controlling factors of anisotropy, the coal samples with different Edand ldas well as AEdand Aldcan be divided into two types: one is mainly controlled by bedding and cracks and the other one is mainly controlled by differences of mineral compositions in directions. Consequently, this study can provide theoretical basis for future research on the dynamic elastic parameters and anisotropy of coal. This experimental study measured ultrasonic wave velocity of coal samples considering both parallel (90 °) and perpendicular (0 °) to bedding planes, and then calculated the The variations of Edand ld, as well as AEd and Aldwere analyzed under various confining stresses. The results show that: Firstly, a critical confining pressure exists, and significant variation in a positive correlation exists between Ed and the square of P-wave velocity (VP2), and between AEd and the P-wave velocity anisotropy (AEP) as well; however, , there is no clear correlation between ldand P-wave velocity (VP). Thirdly, according to the major controlling factors of anisotropy, the coal samples with different Ed and Idas well as AEdand Aldcan be divided into two types: one is mainly controlled by bedding and cracks and the other one is mainly controlled by differences of mineral compositions in directions. of coal.