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目的统计住院患儿出生缺陷的发生情况及影响因素,为有效预防出生缺陷提供借鉴。方法收集2001-01-01—2010-12-31南京军区福州总医院儿科住院患儿29015例中发生出生缺陷的病例资料,对患儿出生缺陷构成状况、孕妇多种相关暴露因素进行回顾性分析。结果 10年间南京军区福州总医院儿科住院患儿出生缺陷发生率为16.41‰(476/29015)。近4年(2007—2010年)与前6年(2001—2006年)出生缺陷发生率相比(25.24‰对8.83‰),呈明显增高且呈逐年增加趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.30,P<0.05)。产妇年龄<20岁和>35岁、早产(胎龄<37周)、孕早期患病、孕早期用药、有自然流产史、有家族史为出生缺陷发生的危险因素,而城乡、不同性别间出生缺陷发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。先天性心脏病占所有缺陷类型之首。结论大力实施围生期新生儿出生缺陷监测与干预工作,开展三级预防措施,能有效降低出生缺陷发生率。
Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of birth defects in hospitalized children and provide references for the effective prevention of birth defects. Methods A total of 29015 children with inpatients admitted to Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region from January 2001 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study. The incidence of birth defects and the related exposure factors in pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed . Results The incidence of pediatric birth defects in pediatric department of Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region in 10 years was 16.41 ‰ (476/29015). Compared with the incidence of birth defects in the past four years (2007-2010) and the first six years (2001-2006) (25.24 ‰ to 8.83 ‰), the incidence was significantly higher and showed a trend of increasing year by year with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 26.30, P <0.05). Maternal age <20 years and> 35 years old, premature birth (gestational age <37 weeks), the first trimester of pregnancy, the first trimester of medication, have a history of spontaneous abortion, a family history of risk factors for birth defects, and urban and rural areas, There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects (P> 0.05). Congenital heart disease accounted for the first of all types of defects. Conclusions Vigorously implement the monitoring and intervention of neonatal birth defects in perinatal period and carry out tertiary prevention measures, which can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.