什么叫做“古代”?首先要在时间上划一个范围。在本文里,我想把“古代”划得同世界史上的上古时期相当,大体上指印度的原始社会、奴隶社会和封建社会的开始时期,也就是从公元前两千纪到公元后一千纪中叶。在这一段漫长的时间内,印度人民在同自然的斗争中和阶级斗争中,获得了不少的知识,积累了不少的经验,创造出来了灿烂的文化。这文化影响了周围的一些国家,对世界文化宝库做出了巨大的贡献。下面就简略地把这文化介绍一下。在很古的时候,印度人民,由于进行生产活动,逐步掌握了一些自然界的规律,在天文、数学、物理、化学、生物、医药、农 What is called “ancient”? First of all, to draw a range of time. In this article, I want to draw the “ancient” as the ancient period in world history, generally referring to the beginning of India’s primitive society, slavery society and feudal society, that is, from two thousand BC to one thousand Middle of the middle. During this long period of time, the Indian people gained much knowledge in the struggle against nature and in the class, accumulated a great deal of experience and created a splendid culture. This culture has affected some of the surrounding countries and made a tremendous contribution to the world’s cultural treasures. Here’s a brief introduction to this culture. In ancient times, the people of India gradually mastered the laws of nature as a result of their productive activities. Astronomers, maths, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and agriculture