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近年来,研究者已经能通过重编程技术从多种物种与组织中获得具有多能性的干细胞系,被称为诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,i PSCs)。这种细胞或可被应用于生物学及医学等多个领域,如疾病模型、自体细胞治疗、药物毒性筛选及相关基础研究。自2006年第一批i PSCs诞生以来,研究者致力于改进原始诱导方法以获得更高的诱导效率并降低诱导引起的基因组不稳定性。为了使读者能够更好地理解i PSCs的重编程技术,本文归纳总结了近年来已经使用过的一些主要诱导手段,并介绍了其优劣之处。这些研究成果均为今后i PSCs应用于临床实验奠定了坚实的理论基础。
In recent years, researchers have been able to obtain pluripotent stem cell lines from various species and tissues through reprogramming techniques, which are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Such cells can be used in many fields such as biology and medicine, such as disease models, autologous cell therapy, drug toxicity screening and related basic research. Since the birth of the first iPSCs in 2006, researchers have been working on improving the original induction method to obtain higher induction efficiency and reduce induced genome-induced instability. In order to give readers a better understanding of iPSCs reprogramming techniques, this article summarizes some of the major inducing tools that have been used in recent years and describes their advantages and disadvantages. All these research results have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the future application of iPSCs in clinical trials.