目的探究沪昆高铁(江西段)沿线县区2010-2013年肾综合症出血热的流行特征。方法采用描述性流行病学方法描述沪昆高铁(江西段)沿线22个县区2010-2013年(建设中)出血热的报告病例资料。结果 2010-2013年沿线县区出血热年均报告发病率为2.63/10万,上高县与高安市的年平均报告发病率居前两位;月发病曲线均呈现春季(4-6月)小高峰和秋冬季(11-次年1月)大高峰;职业以农民(69.12%)为主,发病年龄主要集中在15~70岁(87.77%),其中65~70岁组年平均报告发病率最高(5.72/10万),发病高峰明显向高年龄段迁移,且免疫人群(16~60岁)发病率增长速度较非免疫人群(15岁以下及60岁以上人群)平稳。结论沪昆高铁(江西段)沿线县区为姬鼠型为主的混合型疫区,高铁建设引起该地区出血热发病率上升,疫苗接种导致该地区发病年龄后移,今后应加强该区域出血热的疫情监测、鼠类控制和高危人群的疫苗接种工作。 Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever from 2010 to 2013 in the counties along Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail (Jiangxi section). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the reported case data of hemorrhagic fever in 2010-2013 (under construction) in 22 counties along Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail (Jiangxi section). Results The average annual incidence of hemorrhagic fever in counties along the county from 2010 to 2013 was 2.63 per 100 000. The annual average incidence rates of Shangao County and Gao’an City were among the top two. The monthly incidence curves showed spring (April to June) Small peak and the autumn and winter (January-January next year) peak; occupations of farmers (69.12%), the age of onset mainly concentrated in the 15 to 70 years old (87.77%), of which 65 to 70 years group reported an average annual incidence The highest incidence (5.72 / 100000), peak incidence significantly migrated to higher age groups, and immunization population (16 to 60 years old) incidence rate of growth than non-immunized people (15 years of age and over 60 years of age) stable. Conclusions The county-level high-speed railways in Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail (Jiangxi section) are mainly of the Apodemus aganum type. The incidence of haemorrhagic fever in the area is increased due to the construction of high-speed rail lines. Vaccination causes the age of onset of the area to shift backward. Hot outbreak surveillance, rodent control and vaccination of high-risk groups.