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为探明内蒙古西部旱区机采棉膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花生长发育、产量、品质,以及水分与氮素利用效率的影响,在内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗,设置3种灌溉定额(216、288、360 mm,分别记为W_1、W_2、W_3)和3种施氮水平(127.5、195、262.5 kg·hm~(-2),分别记为N_1、N_2、N_3)的完全组合处理,进行了大田棉花膜下滴灌试验.结果表明:水分是膜下滴灌棉花生长的决定因素,增加灌水量可以促进棉花株高增加,提高棉花各部分干物质积累量,但降低生殖器官与地上部干物质比例.W_3处理单株成铃数较W_1和W_2分别提高25.4%和17.5%,单铃质量分别降低5.8%和4.6%,籽棉产量分别增加18.1%和11.9%;单株成铃数提高是籽棉产量增加的主要因素.水氮调控对籽棉产量的互作效应显著,W_1与W_2灌水量下N_1处理籽棉产量最高;W_3灌水量下N_2处理较N_1、N3籽棉产量分别增加8.5%和31.9%.水氮调控对纤维品质整体无显著影响.W_1N_1处理水分利用效率最高,为1.37 kg·m~(-3),与W_3N_2处理差异不显著;W_3N_1处理氮肥偏生产力最高,为51.35 kg·kg~(-1).在本试验条件下,灌水增产效应显著,施氮则在水分充足条件下对籽棉产量形成有促进作用.其中,灌水360 mm、施氮195 kg·hm~(-2)处理显著促进地上部干物质积累,籽棉产量最高,水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别达1.30 kg·m~(-3)和36.41 kg·kg~(-1),节水增产效果显著,是内蒙西部旱区较理想的机采棉水氮调控模式.
In order to find out the effect of nitrogen and nitrogen coupling on the cotton growth, yield, quality, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton bollworm irrigation in the western arid western Inner Mongolia, three irrigation quotas were set up in Alxa Left Banner of Alxa League in Inner Mongolia. (216,288 and 360 mm, respectively, W_1, W_2 and W_3) and three complete nitrogen combinations (127.5, 195 and 262.5 kg · hm -2, respectively, N_1, N_2 and N_3) The results showed that moisture was the decisive factor for the growth of cotton under drip irrigation and the increase of irrigation could promote the increase of cotton plant height and increase the accumulation of dry matter in each part of cotton, The dry boll ratio of W_3 was 25.4% and 17.5% higher than that of W_1 and W_2 respectively, the single bell quality decreased by 5.8% and 4.6%, and the seed cotton yield increased by 18.1% and 11.9% respectively. The number of bolls per plant The effect of water and nitrogen regulation on the seed cotton yield was significant, the highest seed cotton yield was N_1 under W_1 and W_2 irrigation, and the yield of N_2 treatment under W_3 irrigation was 8.5% higher than that of N_1 and N3 respectively 31.9% .Water and nitrogen regulation on the overall quality of the fiber was no significant W_1N_1 had the highest water use efficiency of 1.37 kg · m -3, which was not significantly different from that of W_3N_2. The partial bioconversion yield of W_3N_1 was 51.35 kg · kg -1 under the experimental conditions , The effect of irrigation was significant and nitrogen application promoted the formation of seed cotton under the conditions of sufficient water supply.The irrigation of 360 mm and nitrogen application of 195 kg · hm -2 significantly promoted aboveground dry matter accumulation and seed cotton yield The maximum, water use efficiency and nitrogen partial bioproduction productivity were 1.30 kg · m -3 and 36.41 kg · kg -1, respectively. The water saving and yield increase effect was remarkable. Regulatory mode.