引言与德国的情况不同,马克思主义只是到了第二次世界大战前后,才开始对法国知识界产生重大的影响。下面的因素加强了这种马克思主义:法国原有的社会主义的传统;共产主义在击败法西斯主义中起了杰出作用所获得的威信(与此同时,跟第三共和国联系在一起的自由主义名声扫地);许多外国知识分子把巴黎视为过流亡生活的适宜地方。这一切为发展五花八门的马克思主义思想提供了背景。战后在法国出现的对马克思主义的“存在主义”解释,得助于法国人对黑格尔越来越浓厚的 Introduction Unlike the situation in Germany, Marxism began to have a significant impact on the French intellectual community only before and after the Second World War. The following factors reinforce this Marxism: the original socialist tradition in France; the prestige of communism in playing an outstanding role in defeating Fascism (in the meantime, the reputation of liberalism associated with the Third Republic Sweeping away); many foreign intellectuals see Paris as a suitable place for living in exile. All this provides the background for the development of a wide variety of Marxist ideas. The “existentialist” interpretation of Marxism that emerged in France after the war was helped by the fact that the French people are increasingly strong toward Hegel