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目的:对天津市东丽区5岁以下儿童死亡原因、现状及相关因素的分析,探究儿童死因变化的趋势与规律,为制定降低东丽区5岁以下儿童死亡率和婴儿死亡率的卫生政策提供理论依据,并寻求相应的预防措施。方法:对东丽区从1996～2005年连续10年的5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行总结分析。结果:东阳区5岁以下儿童死亡率有明显下降,由1996年14.73‰下降至2005年8.46‰。新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡构成比例变化不大,婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的81.58%,而新生儿死亡又占婴儿死亡的78.23%。死因顺位也逐年发生变化,先天性心脏病、其他先天异常升至第1、2位。结论:①降低5岁以下儿童死亡率和婴儿死亡率,应加强围产期保健。提示妇幼卫生工作应系统化、规范化。②先天性心脏病及其他先天异常已成为影响东丽区儿童生存和发展的主要危险因素。应加强孕前、孕期健康教育,提高产科质量,加强新生儿访视工作,对能引起先天性异常的各种因素要及时干预、预防,减少出生缺陷。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes, current status and related factors of death among children under 5 in Dongli District, Tianjin, and to explore the trends and rules of the causes of death of children. In order to formulate the health policy to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years and the infant mortality rate in Dongli District Provide a theoretical basis, and seek the appropriate preventive measures. Methods: The data of death monitoring of children under 5 years old from 1996 to 2005 in Dongli District for 10 consecutive years were summarized. Results: The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Dongyang District decreased significantly from 14.73 ‰ in 1996 to 8.46 ‰ in 2005. The proportions of newborns, infants and children under 5 years of age did not change much. Infant deaths accounted for 81.58% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age, while newborns accounted for 78.23% of all deaths. The cause of death rank also changed year by year, congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies rose to the first two. Conclusions: ① To reduce the mortality rate and infant mortality rate of children under 5 years of age, perinatal care should be strengthened. Suggest that maternity and child health work should be systematic and standardized. ② Congenital heart disease and other congenital abnormalities have become the main risk factors affecting the survival and development of children in Dongli District. Health education should be strengthened before pregnancy and during pregnancy to improve the quality of obstetrics and strengthen the work of neonatal visits, to cause congenital anomalies of various factors to timely intervention to prevent and reduce birth defects.