非政府组织(NGO)作为一种非营利的志愿性组织,自加入我国反贫困工作以来,越来越发挥着重要的作用。目前,在我国从事农村扶贫的非政府组织既有国际的,也有国内的;既有全国性的,也有地区性的。他们有的独立开展扶贫项目,有的与政府或其他的非政府组织合作,共同尝试扶贫开发。非政府组织采取的是基于由组织协助的、贫困人口为参与主体的、自下而上的民主型的扶贫机制。在这种新型的扶贫机制下,非政府组织的扶贫理念、扶贫项目实施、管理和监督等方面都体现着“以人为本”的思想,高度重视贫困人口的参与和能力的提高。在扶贫项目中,非政府组织作为又一种新的扶贫机制,表现出优于由政府行政系统推动扶贫的特点,在我国的扶贫过程中越来越发挥着重要的作用。主要有:非政府组织依靠市场机制,以自愿捐赠为原则,将政府无法动员的资源引入扶贫领域;非政府组织在扶贫资源的使用率方面远远高于政府;在实施项目过程中,非政府组织更加贴近贫困人口,重视培养和开发贫困人口的能力;非政府组织具有比政府更为强烈的内在创新冲动;非政府组织比依靠政府行政体制扶贫更具灵活性和适应性。非政府组织参与到扶贫中来,不仅从某种程度上弥补了政府扶贫的缺陷,而且促进了政府扶贫行政体制的改革,推动了市场经济下小政府、大社会格局的形成。同时,也利于形成互助博爱的理念和热心公益的社会氛围,提升整个社会的道德水平,从而推动政府减缓乃至消灭贫困目标的实现。 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as a non-profit voluntary organization, have played an increasingly important role since joining the anti-poverty work in our country. At present, non-governmental organizations engaging in rural poverty alleviation in our country are both international and domestic; both nationally and regionally. Some of them independently carry out poverty alleviation projects, and some of them work with the government or other non-governmental organizations to jointly try to help alleviate poverty. Non-governmental organizations have adopted a bottom-up and democratic anti-poverty mechanism based on the assistance of organizations and the poor as their main participants. Under this new poverty alleviation mechanism, NGO’s concept of poverty alleviation, the implementation, management and supervision of poverty alleviation projects all embody the “people-oriented” thinking and attach great importance to the participation and ability of the poor. As a new kind of poverty alleviation mechanism, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have shown to be better than the one promoted by the government administrative system in poverty alleviation projects and have played an increasingly important role in helping China’s poverty alleviation process. Mainly: Non-governmental organizations rely on market mechanisms and take the principle of voluntary donation as a principle to introduce resources that the government can not mobilize into the field of poverty alleviation; NGOs have much higher rates of utilization of resources for poverty alleviation than the government; and during the implementation of the project, the non-government Organizations are closer to the poor and their ability to cultivate and develop the poor. Non-governmental organizations have inherent impulse to innovate more than the government. Non-governmental organizations are more flexible and adaptable than the government to rely on the administrative system to reduce poverty. The involvement of NGOs in helping the poor has not only made up for the defects of the government in alleviating poverty, but also promoted the reform of the government’s anti-poverty administrative system and promoted the formation of a small government and big society in a market economy. At the same time, it is also conducive to forming the concept of mutual assistance and fraternity and the social atmosphere of being enthusiastic about public welfare so as to enhance the moral standards of the entire society so as to push the government to slow down or even eliminate the goal of poverty.