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在单层土壤水分模型基础上,建立起针对于黔中部典型喀斯特地区的0~15 cm、15~40 cm两层土壤水分模拟模型。在此基础上,依托遥感和G IS手段,将模型扩展到区域尺度上,模拟出黔中部典型喀斯特地区2005-10~2006-05日尺度上0~15 cm、15~40 cm土壤水分动态转化规律,并以实测值进行了验证。结果表明:①构建模型在数据获取上比较容易,使其实际的可操作性得到加强;②黔中部典型喀斯特地区不同植被类型下土壤水分变化特征有着重要的差异。从土壤水分变化幅度上看:农用地>灌丛>草地;从土壤水分垂直变化规律上看,灌丛和草地的0~15 cm层土壤水分含量低于15~40 cm层,水分梯度为正,而农用地相反;从土壤保水性上来看,草地>灌丛>农用地;③不同植被类型季节变化表现出同样的特征:12~2月日土壤含水量平均值大于其它月份日均值,主要是由于冬季贵州地区降水丰富,再加上气温低,蒸(散)发量小;月相变化,10~2月为土壤水分缓慢积累期,2~4月为土壤水分强烈消耗期,4~5月为雨季土壤水分补充期。
Based on the single-layer soil moisture model, a two-layer soil moisture simulation model for 0 ~ 15 cm and 15 ~ 40 cm in the typical karst area of Central Guizhou Province was established. On this basis, based on remote sensing and G IS, the model was extended to the regional scale to simulate the dynamic changes of soil moisture at 0 ~ 15 cm and 15 ~ 40 cm in the typical Karst area of central Guizhou from 2005 to 2006 ~ 05 The law was verified by the measured value. The results show that: (1) It is easier to construct the model to obtain the data, and its practical operability is strengthened; (2) There are significant differences in soil moisture characteristics under different vegetation types in the typical karst area of central Guizhou. From the aspect of soil moisture change, agricultural land> shrub> grassland. From the vertical variation of soil moisture, the soil water content of 0 ~ 15 cm layer in shrub and grassland is lower than that in 15 ~ 40 cm layer, and the water gradient is positive , While that of farmland was the opposite. From the point of view of soil water conservation, the grassland> shrub> farmland; ③The seasonal variation of different vegetation types showed the same characteristics: the average of soil moisture content from January to February was greater than that of other months, Due to the abundant precipitation in Guizhou in winter and the low temperature, the amount of evapotranspiration is small. The change of the moon phase is the slow accumulation of soil moisture from February to April, and the soil moisture is strongly consumed from February to April, May is the rainy season soil moisture replenishment period.