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液晶向列相存在的向错是由于分子取向方向在一点或线上发生不连续变化引起的.在偏光显微镜下,向列相一般呈现二条或四条黑色条纹相交于一点所组成的纹影织构,根据向错强度|s|=1/4×黑色条纹数目,它们分别是强度s=±1/2和s=±1两种类型的向错分子指向矢排列形式的一种光学效应.当交叉偏振光转动时,纹影核心的位置不变,而黑色条纹却随着交叉偏振光的转动而转动.如果黑色条纹转动方向与交叉偏振光转动方向相同,此纹影织构对应的向错是正向错,相反的则是负向错.向错理论说明向错的弹性畸变能与s~2成正比,
Liquid crystal nematic phase error is due to the molecular orientation direction at a point or line discontinuous changes caused under the polarized microscope, the nematic phase generally presents two or four black stripes intersect at a point composed of the texture of the tattoo , Which are the optical effects of two types of wobble molecular molecular arrangements of intensity s = ± 1/2 and s = ± 1, respectively, according to the number of black-fringes with | s | = 1/4 ×. When the cross-polarized light rotates, the position of the core of the shadow remains unchanged, whereas the black stripe rotates with the rotation of the cross-polarized light. If the direction of rotation of the black stripe is the same as the rotation of the cross-polarized light, Is the wrong direction, on the contrary is the negative direction of error to the wrong theory to the wrong elastic distortion can be proportional to s ~ 2,